Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is the most important
rock & roll album ever made, an unsurpassed adventure in concept, sound,
songwriting, cover art and studio technology by the greatest rock & roll
group of all time. From the title song's regal blasts of brass and fuzz
guitar to the orchestral seizure and long, dying piano chord at the end
of "A Day in the Life," the thirteen tracks on Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts
Club Band are the pinnacle of the Beatles' eight years as recording artists.
John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr were never
more fearless and unified in their pursuit of magic and transcendence.
Issued in Britain on June 1st, 1967, and a day later in America, Sgt.
Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is also rock's ultimate declaration of
change. For the Beatles, it was a decisive goodbye to matching suits,
world tours and assembly-line record-making. "We were fed up with being
Beatles," McCartney said decades later, in Many Years From Now, Barry
Miles' McCartney biography. "We were not boys, we were men . . . artists
rather than performers." At the same time, Sgt. Pepper formally ushered
in an unforgettable season of hope, upheaval and achievement: the late
1960s and, in particular, 1967's Summer of Love. In its iridescent instrumentation,
lyric fantasias and eye-popping packaging, Sgt. Pepper defined the opulent
revolutionary optimism of psychedelia and instantly spread the gospel
of love, acid, Eastern spirituality and electric guitars around the globe.
No other pop record of that era, or since, has had such an immediate,
titanic impact. This music documents the world's biggest rock band at
the very height of its influence and ambition. "It was a peak," Lennon
confirmed in his 1970 Rolling Stone interview, describing both the album
and his collaborative relationship with McCartney. "Paul and I definitely
were working together," Lennon said, and Sgt. Pepper is rich with proof:
McCartney's burst of hot piano and school-days memoir ("Woke up, fell
out of bed . . . ") in Lennon's "A Day in the Life," a reverie on mortality
and infinity; Lennon's impish rejoinder to McCartney's chorus in "Getting
Better" ("It can't get no worse"). "Sgt. Pepper was our grandest endeavor,"
Starr said, looking back, in the 2000 autobiography The Beatles Anthology.
"The greatest thing about the band was that whoever had the best idea
-- it didn't matter who -- that was the one we'd use. No one was standing
on their ego, saying, 'Well, it's mine,' and getting possessive." It was
Neil Aspinall, the Beatles' longtime assistant, who suggested they reprise
the title track, just before the grand finale of "A Day in the Life,"
to complete Sgt. Pepper's theatrical conceit: an imaginary concert by
a fictional band, played by the Beatles. The first notes went to tape
on December 6th, 1966: two takes of McCartney's music-hall confection
"When I'm Sixty-Four." (Lennon's lysergic reflection on his Liverpool
childhood, "Strawberry Fields Forever," was started two weeks earlier
but issued in February 1967 as a stand-alone single.) But Sgt. Pepper's
real birthday is August 29th, 1966, when the Beatles played their last
live concert, in San Francisco. Until then, they had made history in the
studio -- Please Please Me (1963), Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966)
-- between punishing tours. Off the road for good, the Beatles were free
to be a band away from the hysteria of Beatlemania. McCartney went a step
further. On a plane to London in November '66, as he returned from a vacation
in Kenya, he came up with the idea of an album by the Beatles in disguise,
an alter-ego group that he subsequently dubbed Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts
Club Band. "We'd pretend to be someone else," McCartney explained in Anthology.
"It liberated you -- you could do anything when you got to the mike or
on your guitar, because it wasn't you." Only two songs on the final LP,
both McCartney's, had anything to do with the Pepper character: the title
track and Starr's jaunty vocal showcase "With a Little Help From My Friends,"
introduced as a number by Sgt. Pepper's star crooner, Billy Shears. "Every
other song could have been on any other album," Lennon insisted later.
Yet it is hard to imagine a more perfect setting for the Victorian jollity
of Lennon's "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" (inspired by an 1843
circus poster) or the sumptuous melancholy of McCartney's "Fixing a Hole,"
with its blend of antique shadows (a harpsichord played by the Beatles'
producer George Martin) and modern sunshine (double-tracked lead guitar
executed with ringing precision by Harrison). The Pepper premise was a
license to thrill. It also underscored the real-life cohesion of the music
and the group that made it. Of the 700 hours the Beatles spent making
Sgt. Pepper (engineer Geoff Emerick actually tallied them) from the end
of 1966 until April 1967, the group needed only three days' worth to complete
Lennon's lavish daydream "Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds." "A Day in the
Life," the most complex song on the album, was done in just five days.
(The oceanic piano chord was three pianos hit simultaneously by ten hands
belonging to Lennon, McCartney, Starr, Martin and Beatles roadie Mal Evans.)
No other Beatles appear with Harrison on his sitar-perfumed sermon on
materialism and fidelity, "Within You Without You," but the band wisely
placed the track at the halfway point of the original vinyl LP, at the
beginning of Side Two: a vital meditation break in the middle of the jubilant
indulgence. The Beatles' exploitation of multitracking on Sgt. Pepper
transformed the very act of studio recording (the orchestral overdubs
on "A Day in the Life" marked the debut of eight-track recording in Britain:
two four-track machines used in sync). And Sgt. Pepper's visual extravagance
officially elevated the rock album cover to a Work of Art. Michael Cooper's
photo of the Beatles in satin marching-band outfits, in front of a cardboard-cutout
audience of historical figures, created by artist Peter Blake, is the
most enduring image of the psychedelic era. Sgt. Pepper was also the first
rock album to incorporate complete lyrics to the songs in its design.
Yet Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is the Number One album of the
RS 500 not just because of its firsts -- it is simply the best of everything
the Beatles ever did as musicians, pioneers and pop stars, all in one
place. A 1967 British print ad for the album declared, "Remember Sgt.
Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band Is the Beatles." As McCartney put it,
the album was "just us doing a good show."
The show goes on forever. Total album sales: 11.7 million
Peak chart position: 1 (Rolling Stone)
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